220 4620 <01190eaa-6223-4d3c-a9d3-b0d850aab98e@isocpp.org> article
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Subject: Re: Changing lambda scope
Date: Mon, 27 May 2013 04:52:17 -0700 (PDT)
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GCC 4.9 accepts your example already, but if it didn't, the fix would 
simply be a wrapper class template in the desired associated namespace.

namespace X {
template< typename t > // wrapper class
struct adl_wrapper : t { using t::t; };

template< typename t > // wrapper factory
adl_wrapper< t > adl_wrap( t o ) { return { o }; }

template<typename L, typename R> L operator+(L l, R r) { }
auto f() { return adl_wrapper( [] {} ); }
}

It would be bad to make lambdas different from other local classes. Would 
applying the proposal so broadly break much? Before C++11 it was illegal to 
use a local class as a template argument and it we're only noticing this 
now because returning a local type is a C++14 feature.

Here is a C++11 example of namespace association making a difference for a 
local type. It is correctly rejected by Clang but accepted by GCC.

template< typename t, typename u >
void f( t, u ) = delete;

template< typename t >
void c( t o ) { f( o, 5 ); }

namespace n {
template< typename t >
void f( t, int ) {}

void p() { c( []{} ); }
}


Why should local classes have associated namespaces? Because it's least 
surprising behavior. A local scope is just another means of encapsulation, 
and nobody expects functions to quarantine their contents this way. It just 
plays badly with templates and it's broken.

-- 

--- 
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------=_Part_2692_25349192.1369655538018
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GCC 4.9 accepts your example already, but if it didn't, the fix would simpl=
y be a wrapper class template in the desired associated namespace.<br><br><=
div class=3D"prettyprint" style=3D"background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250); bo=
rder-color: rgb(187, 187, 187); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; wor=
d-wrap: break-word;"><code class=3D"prettyprint"><div class=3D"subprettypri=
nt"><span style=3D"color: #008;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify">namespace</sp=
an><span style=3D"color: #000;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify"> X </span><spa=
n style=3D"color: #660;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify">{</span><span style=
=3D"color: #000;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify"><br></span><span style=3D"co=
lor: #008;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify">template</span><span style=3D"colo=
r: #660;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify">&lt;</span><span style=3D"color: #00=
0;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify"> </span><span style=3D"color: #008;" class=
=3D"styled-by-prettify">typename</span><span style=3D"color: #000;" class=
=3D"styled-by-prettify"> t </span><span style=3D"color: #660;" class=3D"sty=
led-by-prettify">&gt;</span><span style=3D"color: #000;" class=3D"styled-by=
-prettify"> </span><span style=3D"color: #800;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify=
">// wrapper class</span><span style=3D"color: #000;" class=3D"styled-by-pr=
ettify"><br></span><span style=3D"color: #008;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify=
">struct</span><span style=3D"color: #000;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify"> a=
dl_wrapper </span><span style=3D"color: #660;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify"=
>:</span><span style=3D"color: #000;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify"> t </spa=
n><span style=3D"color: #660;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify">{</span><span s=
tyle=3D"color: #000;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify"> </span><span style=3D"c=
olor: #008;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify">using</span><span style=3D"color:=
 #000;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify"> t</span><span style=3D"color: #660;" =
class=3D"styled-by-prettify">::</span><span style=3D"color: #000;" class=3D=
"styled-by-prettify">t</span><span style=3D"color: #660;" class=3D"styled-b=
y-prettify">;</span><span style=3D"color: #000;" class=3D"styled-by-prettif=
y"> </span><span style=3D"color: #660;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify">};</sp=
an><span style=3D"color: #000;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify"><br><br></span=
><span style=3D"color: #008;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify">template</span><=
span style=3D"color: #660;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify">&lt;</span><span s=
tyle=3D"color: #000;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify"> </span><span style=3D"c=
olor: #008;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify">typename</span><span style=3D"col=
or: #000;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify"> t </span><span style=3D"color: #66=
0;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify">&gt;</span><span style=3D"color: #000;" cl=
ass=3D"styled-by-prettify"> </span><span style=3D"color: #800;" class=3D"st=
yled-by-prettify">// wrapper factory</span><span style=3D"color: #000;" cla=
ss=3D"styled-by-prettify"><br>adl_wrapper</span><span style=3D"color: #660;=
" class=3D"styled-by-prettify">&lt;</span><span style=3D"color: #000;" clas=
s=3D"styled-by-prettify"> t </span><span style=3D"color: #660;" class=3D"st=
yled-by-prettify">&gt;</span><span style=3D"color: #000;" class=3D"styled-b=
y-prettify"> adl_wrap</span><span style=3D"color: #660;" class=3D"styled-by=
-prettify">(</span><span style=3D"color: #000;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify=
"> t o </span><span style=3D"color: #660;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify">)</=
span><span style=3D"color: #000;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify"> </span><spa=
n style=3D"color: #660;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify">{</span><span style=
=3D"color: #000;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify"> </span><span style=3D"color=
: #008;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify">return</span><span style=3D"color: #0=
00;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify"> </span><span style=3D"color: #660;" clas=
s=3D"styled-by-prettify">{</span><span style=3D"color: #000;" class=3D"styl=
ed-by-prettify"> o </span><span style=3D"color: #660;" class=3D"styled-by-p=
rettify">};</span><span style=3D"color: #000;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify"=
> </span><span style=3D"color: #660;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify">}</span>=
<span style=3D"color: #000;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify"><br><br></span><s=
pan style=3D"color: #008;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify">template</span><spa=
n style=3D"color: #660;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify">&lt;</span><span styl=
e=3D"color: #008;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify">typename</span><span style=
=3D"color: #000;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify"> L</span><span style=3D"colo=
r: #660;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify">,</span><span style=3D"color: #000;"=
 class=3D"styled-by-prettify"> </span><span style=3D"color: #008;" class=3D=
"styled-by-prettify">typename</span><span style=3D"color: #000;" class=3D"s=
tyled-by-prettify"> R</span><span style=3D"color: #660;" class=3D"styled-by=
-prettify">&gt;</span><span style=3D"color: #000;" class=3D"styled-by-prett=
ify"> L </span><span style=3D"color: #008;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify">op=
erator</span><span style=3D"color: #660;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify">+(</=
span><span style=3D"color: #000;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify">L l</span><s=
pan style=3D"color: #660;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify">,</span><span style=
=3D"color: #000;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify"> R r</span><span style=3D"co=
lor: #660;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify">)</span><span style=3D"color: #000=
;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify"> </span><span style=3D"color: #660;" class=
=3D"styled-by-prettify">{</span><span style=3D"color: #000;" class=3D"style=
d-by-prettify"> </span><span style=3D"color: #660;" class=3D"styled-by-pret=
tify">}</span><span style=3D"color: #000;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify"><br=
></span><span style=3D"color: #008;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify">auto</spa=
n><span style=3D"color: #000;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify"> f</span><span =
style=3D"color: #660;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify">()</span><span style=3D=
"color: #000;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify"> </span><span style=3D"color: #=
660;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify">{</span><span style=3D"color: #000;" cla=
ss=3D"styled-by-prettify"> </span><span style=3D"color: #008;" class=3D"sty=
led-by-prettify">return</span><span style=3D"color: #000;" class=3D"styled-=
by-prettify"> adl_wrapper</span><span style=3D"color: #660;" class=3D"style=
d-by-prettify">(</span><span style=3D"color: #000;" class=3D"styled-by-pret=
tify"> </span><span style=3D"color: #660;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify">[]<=
/span><span style=3D"color: #000;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify"> </span><sp=
an style=3D"color: #660;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify">{}</span><span style=
=3D"color: #000;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify"> </span><span style=3D"color=
: #660;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify">);</span><span style=3D"color: #000;"=
 class=3D"styled-by-prettify"> </span><span style=3D"color: #660;" class=3D=
"styled-by-prettify">}</span><span style=3D"color: #000;" class=3D"styled-b=
y-prettify"><br></span><span style=3D"color: #660;" class=3D"styled-by-pret=
tify">}</span><span style=3D"color: #000;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify"><br=
></span></div></code></div><br>It would be bad to make lambdas different fr=
om other local classes. Would applying the proposal so broadly break much? =
Before C++11 it was illegal to use a local class as a template argument and=
 it we're only noticing this now because returning a local type is a C++14 =
feature.<br><br>Here is a C++11 example of namespace association making a d=
ifference for a local type. It is correctly rejected by Clang but accepted =
by GCC.<br><br><div class=3D"prettyprint" style=3D"background-color: rgb(25=
0, 250, 250); border-color: rgb(187, 187, 187); border-style: solid; border=
-width: 1px; word-wrap: break-word;"><code class=3D"prettyprint"><div class=
=3D"subprettyprint"><span style=3D"color: #008;" class=3D"styled-by-prettif=
y">template</span><span style=3D"color: #660;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify"=
>&lt;</span><span style=3D"color: #000;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify"> </sp=
an><span style=3D"color: #008;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify">typename</span=
><span style=3D"color: #000;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify"> t</span><span s=
tyle=3D"color: #660;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify">,</span><span style=3D"c=
olor: #000;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify"> </span><span style=3D"color: #00=
8;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify">typename</span><span style=3D"color: #000;=
" class=3D"styled-by-prettify"> u </span><span style=3D"color: #660;" class=
=3D"styled-by-prettify">&gt;</span><span style=3D"color: #000;" class=3D"st=
yled-by-prettify"><br></span><span style=3D"color: #008;" class=3D"styled-b=
y-prettify">void</span><span style=3D"color: #000;" class=3D"styled-by-pret=
tify"> f</span><span style=3D"color: #660;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify">(<=
/span><span style=3D"color: #000;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify"> t</span><s=
pan style=3D"color: #660;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify">,</span><span style=
=3D"color: #000;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify"> u </span><span style=3D"col=
or: #660;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify">)</span><span style=3D"color: #000;=
" class=3D"styled-by-prettify"> </span><span style=3D"color: #660;" class=
=3D"styled-by-prettify">=3D</span><span style=3D"color: #000;" class=3D"sty=
led-by-prettify"> </span><span style=3D"color: #008;" class=3D"styled-by-pr=
ettify">delete</span><span style=3D"color: #660;" class=3D"styled-by-pretti=
fy">;</span><span style=3D"color: #000;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify"><br><=
br></span><span style=3D"color: #008;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify">templat=
e</span><span style=3D"color: #660;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify">&lt;</spa=
n><span style=3D"color: #000;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify"> </span><span s=
tyle=3D"color: #008;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify">typename</span><span sty=
le=3D"color: #000;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify"> t </span><span style=3D"c=
olor: #660;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify">&gt;</span><span style=3D"color: =
#000;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify"><br></span><span style=3D"color: #008;"=
 class=3D"styled-by-prettify">void</span><span style=3D"color: #000;" class=
=3D"styled-by-prettify"> c</span><span style=3D"color: #660;" class=3D"styl=
ed-by-prettify">(</span><span style=3D"color: #000;" class=3D"styled-by-pre=
ttify"> t o </span><span style=3D"color: #660;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify=
">)</span><span style=3D"color: #000;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify"> </span=
><span style=3D"color: #660;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify">{</span><span st=
yle=3D"color: #000;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify"> f</span><span style=3D"c=
olor: #660;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify">(</span><span style=3D"color: #00=
0;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify"> o</span><span style=3D"color: #660;" clas=
s=3D"styled-by-prettify">,</span><span style=3D"color: #000;" class=3D"styl=
ed-by-prettify"> </span><span style=3D"color: #066;" class=3D"styled-by-pre=
ttify">5</span><span style=3D"color: #000;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify"> <=
/span><span style=3D"color: #660;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify">);</span><s=
pan style=3D"color: #000;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify"> </span><span style=
=3D"color: #660;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify">}</span><span style=3D"color=
: #000;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify"><br><br></span><span style=3D"color: =
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000;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify"> n </span><span style=3D"color: #660;" c=
lass=3D"styled-by-prettify">{</span><span style=3D"color: #000;" class=3D"s=
tyled-by-prettify"><br></span><span style=3D"color: #008;" class=3D"styled-=
by-prettify">template</span><span style=3D"color: #660;" class=3D"styled-by=
-prettify">&lt;</span><span style=3D"color: #000;" class=3D"styled-by-prett=
ify"> </span><span style=3D"color: #008;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify">type=
name</span><span style=3D"color: #000;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify"> t </s=
pan><span style=3D"color: #660;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify">&gt;</span><s=
pan style=3D"color: #000;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify"><br></span><span st=
yle=3D"color: #008;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify">void</span><span style=3D=
"color: #000;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify"> f</span><span style=3D"color: =
#660;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify">(</span><span style=3D"color: #000;" cl=
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tyle=3D"color: #000;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify"> </span><span style=3D"c=
olor: #660;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify">{}</span><span style=3D"color: #0=
00;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify"><br><br></span><span style=3D"color: #008=
;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify">void</span><span style=3D"color: #000;" cla=
ss=3D"styled-by-prettify"> p</span><span style=3D"color: #660;" class=3D"st=
yled-by-prettify">()</span><span style=3D"color: #000;" class=3D"styled-by-=
prettify"> </span><span style=3D"color: #660;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify"=
>{</span><span style=3D"color: #000;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify"> c</span=
><span style=3D"color: #660;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify">(</span><span st=
yle=3D"color: #000;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify"> </span><span style=3D"co=
lor: #660;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify">[]{}</span><span style=3D"color: #=
000;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify"> </span><span style=3D"color: #660;" cla=
ss=3D"styled-by-prettify">);</span><span style=3D"color: #000;" class=3D"st=
yled-by-prettify"> </span><span style=3D"color: #660;" class=3D"styled-by-p=
rettify">}</span><span style=3D"color: #000;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify">=
<br></span><span style=3D"color: #660;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify">}</spa=
n><span style=3D"color: #000;" class=3D"styled-by-prettify"><br><br></span>=
</div></code></div><br>Why should local classes have associated namespaces?=
 Because it's least surprising behavior. A local scope is just another mean=
s of encapsulation, and nobody expects functions to quarantine their conten=
ts this way. It just plays badly with templates and it's broken.<br>

<p></p>

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